Chapters 4, 5, 6

Operators
Arithmetic: + - * / (integer and float) %
Assignment: =
Compound assignment:     +=    -=    *=    /=    %=
Increment/Decrement: ++    --(prefix and postfix)
Indirection/dereference: *
Address: &
sizeof
cast
Relational
    >=    >    <=    <
Equality
    !=    ==
Logical
    !    &&    ||
Precedence and associativity
 
Concepts of programming
Structured programming: 3 basic control structures (sequence, including fn calls, selection, repetition)
Top-down design
Stepwise refinement (factoring, decomposition, modularization)
 
Benefits of using functions
Ease of maintenance: small problems easier to code, debug, maintain than large
Reusability
    once written and debugged, just use, whether multiple calls in same pgm or using in different programs
    if have to modify, only need to change in one place
         rather than hunting down duplicate code
Data protection
 
Miscellaneous fn topics
Structure chart
IPO chart
Local vs. global variables
Calling vs. called functions
Builtin vs. user-defined functions
Boolean functions
Input vs. output parameters
Formal vs. actual parameters
Communication between functions done with parameters and return values
    fn can take 0 or more parameters
    fn can return 0 or 1 value only
Pass-by-value vs. pass-by-reference
    How to use each
    Why to use each
Rules of thumb regarding output param vs. return value

Random number generation (pseudo)
Seeding the PNG with constant or system time
Generating random number
range of random numbers: scale and shift
 
Math functions
sqrt, pow
compile with –lm option
math.h

Selection
if, if-else, if-elseif (coding style seen as if-else by compiler)
Flowchart diagrams
DeMorgan's law
Avoid coding the negative
No null if or else statements
    if null if, make if (!cond) and have body of else be body of if
    if null else, simply eliminate: an if doesn't need an else
Nested if
Dangling else
switch
conditional operator

Data validation
scanf() return value of EOF or number of successful conversions

Iteration
finite vs. infinite loops
pretest vs. posttest loops
status-controlled vs. counter-controlled loops
Flowchart diagrams
loop initialization, control, process, update
while
for
do-while
nested loops
jump statements
    break: only acceptable in switch statement
    continue: not acceptable
    return: only acceptable once sequentially at end of function
    goto: not acceptable

Builtin character-processing Boolean functions
isalpha
isupper
islower
isdigit
ispunct
isspace

Builtin character conversion functions
toupper
tolower
Return value of each must be captured or somehow used