Introduction
Before You Get Started
Be Knowledgeable about Yourself
Be Knowledgeable About the Job Market
Understand the Employer's Perspective
Keep and Maintain Records of Your Job Search Activities
Identify and Utilize Sources of Potential Openings
Go Directly to the Person Who does the Hiring
Network, Network, Network
Helpful Job Search Tips
Long Distance Job Hunting
Appendices
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
The thought of conducting a job search creates a variety of feelings in people ranging from fear and trepidation to hope and excitement. These feelings can create energy that can and should be used to assist you in achieving your career goals. However, many people are confused as to how to use this energy effectively or where to begin.
As is true in all goal setting, a
job search requires an organized step-by-step approach to put you in the "driver's
seat" and help you maintain control. Remember that job hunting is a process
which, to be successful, must be pursued and evaluated regularly. The
average job search can take anywhere from 2 to 9 months depending on the type
of job you are seeking.
BEFORE YOU
GET STARTED
Keep in mind that there are SEVEN main areas of consideration in job hunting
that will help you to be successful:
1. Be knowledgeable about yourself
2. Be knowledgeable about the job market
3. Understand the employer's perspective
4. Keep and maintain records of your job search activities
5. Identify and utilize sources of potential openings
6. Go directly to the person who does the hiring
7. NETWORK, NETWORK, NETWORK!!!!
1. BE KNOWLEDGEABLE
ABOUT YOURSELF
Before starting your job search, ask yourself these questions:
a. What skills, abilities, interests, values, education,
and experience do you possess that
will enable you to do what you want?
b. What are your short term and long term goals?
c. What type(s) of job(s) do you want?
If you have not developed a career focus or identified some career goals, your job search will be more difficult. Employers are seeking individuals who are able to articulate their skills and goals. The Career Services offers workshops, career counseling and assessment, handouts, and other services to assist you with the self-assessment process.
Resumes and Correspondence
Your self-assessment will come into play as you begin developing your
resume and writing cover letters. In targeting a specific job or career,
you need to draft a resume that highlights the experience and skills you have
that relate to that specific job or career. The Career Services offers
a "Job Readiness Workshop" designed to help you prepare your resume and cover
letters for the job search. The CS also provides tutorial packets on resume
writing and cover letters, "Resume Writing", and "Job Related Correspondence",
"Curriculum Vitae and Related Letters") that will assist you with the development
and refinement of your resume and cover letter. Time spent on developing a targeted
resume is well worth the effort. Indeed, the resume and cover letter are
powerful tools in the job search process. It is the first impression an
employer will have of you as an individual and you want it to be a positive
one.
Interviewing
The largest percentage of an interview will be spent with you talking
about you---your skills, interests, values, goals, education, experience, accomplishments,
etc. Preparation is the key to good interviewing. Make sure you
have researched the company/organization and position before going into your
interview. Your research might include: asking the company or organization
for promotional literature and annual reports. You will be better able
to relate your specific skills to the position and how you would contribute
to the company/organization. Think about the types of questions you
might be asked and how you would respond. For more information on interviewing,
Career Services offers its "Job Readiness workshops" and resource guide,
"Interviewing Skills".
2. BE KNOWLEDGEABLE
ABOUT THE JOB MARKET
Ask yourself these questions:
a. What type(s) of employer(s) do you want to work for?
b. Can you identify the size and type of the organization? the
type of people? Organizational structure?
c. Have you identified the geographical location (city, state,
or region)?
d. Do you know what type of setting (urban, suburban, rural)?
The Career Services has an excellent
Career Library loaded with books on thousands of jobs and careers and companies
and organizations that recruit UNF students and graduates. The Career
Services website (www.unf.edu/dept/cdc) also has numerous links that will help
you research both careers and employer organizations. There are also links
to relocation resources.
3. UNDERSTAND
THE EMPLOYER'S PERSPECTIVE
Before starting a job search, think about how potential employers feel and what
their expectations might be. How will they view your potential?
What are there needs and expectations?
Employers are generally looking for competency and for someone who will fit into their organizational structure. Be aware of the process of employment that often exists withing an organization:
1. A need is recognized (new
services, or products, new problems, organizational expansion, employee resignation
or
retirement).
2. Reorganization occurs (positions are shifted, employees are given additional
responsibilities).
3. A need to hire additional people (job description is written).
4. The position is posted internally.
5. Inside referrals are sought (employees are asked to recommend candidates).
6. Interviews are conducted internally.
7. If position can not be filled from within, it is openly advertised.
8. Resumes are received and selection process takes place.
If you can establish contact before the position is advertised, you have a better chance of getting the job. Statistics show that over 80% of all jobs never reach the advertisement stage.
When a position needs to be advertised, employers publicize their openings in a variety of ways. You should do enough research in your field of interest to find out how employers list their job vacancies.
4. KEEP AND MAINTAIN RECORDS OF YOUR JOB SEARCH ACTIVITIES
Organizing Your Job-Search
Employers will expect you to conduct yourself professionally in all aspects
of the job search. This includes your letters, resume, references, phone
conversations and personal contacts. It is important to keep accurate
records of all activities and contacts including:
-Name of organization
-Contact name and job title
-Address and phone number
-Date of contact
-Referral source
-Summary of contact and recommended follow-up
Record Keeping
In a job search, follow-up is critical and good record keeping is essential.
Use a job-hunt notebook, file card system, diary, log or journal, or any other
system that works for you so you can refer to important information quickly
and accurately.
-SEE
APPENDICES A, B, and C FOR SAMPLE RECORD KEEPING FORMS.
Establish Your Job-search "headquarters."
This is your work area from which your job-search efforts can be coordinated.
It should be equipped with the following items: copies of your resume,
stationery, envelopes, stamps, paper clips or stapler, typewriter or word processor,
telephone, calendar, appointment book, pens and pencils, paper punch, and your
record keeping system.
Time Management
Managing your time is another important aspect of a job search. If you
are currently in school, the amount of time available to job hunt may only be
10% of your week. However, can you increase this amount? And, when
you've graduated , this amount should significantly increase. Look at
your time realistically and set aside large blocks of time free from interruptions
to work on your job search campaign. It should not be a 24 hour-a-day
project, and you will need to set aside time for other activities. Establish
a time schedule that fits your lifestyle. Note: It can take
anywhere from three to nine months to obtain employment. The more time
you can devote to your search, the sooner you will find the job you want.
5. IDENTIFY
AND UTILIZE SOURCES OF POTENTIAL OPENINGS
When organizing and conducting an effective job search campaign, it is important
to utilize a variety of resources which will help you identify potential openings.
Start by asking yourself:
a. Who can help you learn about job opportunities?
b. What resources are available for your chosen
career field?
1. Personal Contacts: When you think back to the summer jobs and internships that you have obtained over the past few years, you may realize that it was a personal contact that resulted in obtaining the specific job or internship. Many times it is "who you know" that assists you in obtaining an interview for a job. Thus, before you start your job search, make a list of those individuals who belong to your "network". Don't just think of individuals who are in the career fields you are interested in but also identify those who are not in a related field because chances are they know someone who is. You will also want to look at others you are connected to such as faculty and alumni from your college, members of professional organizations you belong to, conference attendees and speakers, authors of articles you like, etc.
2. The Internet and World Wide Web. "Surfing the web" is another great way to identify employers and employment opportunities. The Career Services has developed a web page that organizes many of these job search related links and helps you to navigate through the wide range of webpages and links. The Career Services has a 4 station career computer lab which will enable you to access the Web and Internet. Check out our home page at:http://www.unf.edu/dept/cdc
3. Chamber of Commerce: Most cities have a Chamber of Commerce which is an organization that supports businesses in the community. Directories and lists of employers are often available free or can be purchased for a small fee. You will receive other information from the Chamber such as housing and living costs, educational institutions, and other factors which you consider in deciding where you might want to work. Many Chambers publish a weekly or bi- weekly business magazine (e.g. "Jacksonville Business Journal"). These publications have a great deal of information on new businesses, who's expanding, who's being promoted, etc. Numerous contacts can be gained by simply reading this publication regularly.
4. Newspapers: If you are moving to a specific city, consider subscribing to the local newspapers of that city. A three month subscription for the Sunday edition costs very little. When you read newspapers, however, don't just read the help wanted ads. Review the local, regional, and business sections of the paper and you will discover which companies and organizations are new, which are expanding, and who might be potential contacts for you in your search. Many newspaper ads can now be accessed through the internet.
Responding to Job Advertisements
Once you see a job posted, respond as quickly as possible. Make
sure you have researched the position and you understand the qualifications
they are seeking. You also want to know who you need to send your application/resume
to and when the deadline is for applications. Know what is required for
your application. Do you need to have written references or will the names
and addresses of your references suffice? Always follow up with a phone
call to the organization to ensure that they have received your application.
In the Career Services "Job Related Correspondence" packet, there are a number
of examples of letters of application that will assist you in writing an appropriate
letter.
Sometimes, you may see a job posted where you have missed the deadline by a day or two. Don't let this stop you from applying. Contact the organization and ask to speak to the hiring authority. Ask him or her if a late application will be accepted. In many instances, the organization will accept your application and your efforts can be rewarded by an interview.
If you want to be pro-active and a risk-taker, don't wait to be invited for an interview, but contact the organization and try to arrange the interview yourself. This is an appropriate strategy to take. Hopefully, if all goes well, you will be scheduled for an interview.
5. National Publications/Journals: There are a number of resources published that list national and international career opportunities. Examples of these resources include: "The Business Weekly", "The Chronicle of Higher Education","ACCESS: Opportunities in Non-Profit Organizations", "Art Search", and "Environmental Job Opportunities". Do your research to find out where jobs in your career field are generally listed.
6. Directories: Check the Directories in Print, an annotated guide to over 14,000 directories published worldwide, to see if there are any directories published that relate to your specific career choice. This directory of two volumes is available at most libraries. Directories in Print, Volume 2 provides a subject index that is helpful. For example, if you are seeking a list of management consultants, there are seventeen different publications that are found in the Directories in Print, Volume 2 that would provide you with this information. Directories in Print, Volume 1 provides a description of each of the seventeen publications and how you can purchase these different directories.
7. Employer Directories: Directories are often published that list employers from a particular region (e.g. The Florida Job Bank) or for the entire country with geographical cross-indexes (e.g. Peterson's Guide to Independent Schools). Names, addresses, and phone numbers of potential employers are provided and often you will find a paragraph description about the organizations and companies.
8. Job Vacancy Listings: In order to bypass the want-ad route, employers post job openings internally and will try to get applicants or referrals from within the organization. Many employers send vacancy listings directly to college and university Career Centers and faculty members. Check with the Career Services and your academic department to find out where job listings are posted for your career field.
9. Professional Associations: Once you choose a particular career field, it is helpful to know what professional organizations you might wish to participate in that will allow you the opportunity to network with other professionals in your field. Check the National Trade and Professional Association Directory or the Encyclopedia of Associations to obtain a list of professional organizations that provide services useful in a job search. These services usually include:
-Annual Conferences: Associations often hold conferences in various regions of the country. Workshops, forums, panels and seminars are the main focus of conferences. Not only do conferences allow you to network with professionals in your field of interest, but many conferences will offer a placement service. Interviews that occur are usually short, screening interviews. Be prepared to make a positive first impression quickly!
-Meetings: Most national professional associations have local and regional affiliations that conduct monthly, quarterly, or yearly meetings. Check with the national association office for information on its local and regional groups. These meetings are often held over lunch or dinner and provide an excellent opportunity for you to make contact with numerous professionals in your career field of interest.
-Publications: Professional organizations often publish newsletters, journals, directories of members, etc. that contain not only job vacancy listings, but information about what is happening in a particular career field.
Note: Many professional associations offer student membership rates. Consider joining a professional group before you graduate from the University of North Florida.. Membership includes receiving information on all of the above services. You also will obtain a list of members that can be prospective contacts for you in your job search.
10. Telephone Yellow Pages: The Thomas Carpenter Library and most public libraries will have telephone books for most major cities or regions of the country. Utilize the yellow pages as well as business sections of the phone book to identify companies or organizations that might be seeking an individual with your experience and skills. The yellow pages are an excellent way to identify smaller companies or businesses that are typically not listed in employer directories published by the Chamber. Many of these yellow pages can be found on the internet.
11. On-campus Recruiting: Career Services at UNF invites local and national recruiters to interview, screen, and select candidates for positions. Employers find this a cost-effective way of interviewing as they can meet with a large number of candidates in one day. The types of organizations who recruit vary from companies like Deloitte and Touche, and Prudential Insurance to non-profit organizations like Teach for America and the Peace Corps. A recruiting schedule is available in Career Services and on our webpage.
12. Job Fairs: Companies and organizations will often participate in local, regional, or statewide job fairs. These fairs usually are large and can be somewhat impersonal. However, they provide an excellent opportunity for you to meet with many employers in a short amount of time. Interviews that occur are usually short and used for screening purposes. Career Services at UNF sponsors its Osprey Job Fairs in September and March of every year. Career Services also participates in the Statewide Job Fair held in May in central Florida. A list of participants is available in the Career Services and on our webpage.
13. Employment Agencies:
Agencies usually place individuals who are mid-to-executive level managers,
etc. If you choose to register with a placement agency, be careful of
the fine print on the contract that you sign. Try to work with an agency
where the fee is paid by the employer.
6. GO DIRECTLY TO THE PERSON WHO DOES THE HIRING
Richard Bolles (What Color Is Your Parachute?) claims that for every 245 unsolicited letters received inquiring about employment, only one will result in an interview. Clearly, a big letter writing campaign will only have a payoff if you send out hundreds of letters and resumes.
In general, however, your letter is more likely to get noticed if it is directed to a specific person and shows the link you are making between yourself and the organization. (See the packet on JOB RELATED CORRESPONDENCE.). Follow-up, initiated by you, is critical if you expect a response.
You might also have success if you have identified through reading your professional newspapers and journals, or even your daily paper, issues that might imply a need for new personnel in a particular organization. Jack Erdlen of Erdlen and Company, a human resources consulting firm, suggests that job hunters should be alert to
1) stories on products or services
in great demand
2) current developments in an industry or profession
3) termination, resignation, and retirement notices
4) reports of promotions and job changes
5) new patents and discoveries
6) contract awards
7) significant happenings and major events
8) dedication of a new facility
9) increased sales or earnings reports
10) moving of a corporate headquarters
11) acquisitions and mergers.
While a number of these apply only
to industry, those interested in schools, government, and non-profit organizations
should also watch for new legislation, new methods for meeting educational goals,
and increased concern about particular issues or social concerns, among others.
NETWORK,
NETWORK, NETWORK
70%-80% of all jobs are found through contacts. Even when an opening is
clearly published, your network can make the difference in your probability
of being interviewed. Most of you know far more people than you think you do.
The key to successful networking is not to restrict your contacts to those people
who are in your target fields. Consider: family members, friends, professors,
former work supervisors, co-workers, etc.
Going on the supposition that everyone knows someone else, you can use your primary contacts to learn about people who may be more closely related to your goals -- your best friend's parents may have acquaintances who could be helpful to you
After your own acquaintances as mentioned
above, you are connected with a large number of other people (including alumni
from your college(s), members of organizations you join, conference attendees
and speakers, authors of articles you like). You can reach out to this
group through your common interests--
-"As an alumna of the same graduate school, I would like your help...",
-"I recently attended the conference on X,Y,Z, where I participated in
your fascinating workshop on...";
-"I just read your interesting article in the Globe magazine on...".
(See "My Networking Chart" for an example of brainstorming a network.)
Contacting People In Your Network:
Informational Interviewing
"Informational Interviews" are used for two different purposes:
*For career exploration: To extract information from an employer or professional who is working in a career field which you are considering.
*For job referrals and job-hunting advice: Used by those who already know their career direction and need to identify appropriate contacts and potential organizations. Intention is to make the job hunter "visually" known to prospective employers. Type of interview can play a vital role in the long distance job search. Here are some tips to help make the most of the interview:
Contacts may be followed up either by phone or in writing, but the goal of both should be an appointment. (See "Sample Letter of Approach" and "Sample Telephone Script"). A short letter of introduction is usually preferred where you do not know the person. Indicate the source of referral. Since this is not a letter of application, you need merely state that you wish to set up a meeting time to discuss your agenda. Two or three background sentences about you will suffice. You may enclose a resume for additional information, if you wish. Assure the person that you do not expect him/her to know of specific openings. Indicate at the end how you plan to followup.."I will phone next week.."
Here are some tips for setting
up an informational interview:
*Always attempt to contact a person who ultimately
has the power to hire you for the job you want should the opportunity
occur.
*When calling
or writing for the interview, make sure to specify that you are only seeking
information or advice (or both). Do
not go into the interview under false pretense
and violate the "rules" by asking for a job.
*Always request
a short meeting (20-30 minutes). You will usually get more. Don't delay
the end of the meeting; be
prepared, be professional and be businesslike.
Don't waste his/her time.
*Prior to the
interview, prepare yourself well. Know yourself and know as much about
the employer and your career field
as possible. Be prepared with relevant questions.
*Dress as you
would for a regular job interview even though you are not seeking employment
at this time. Image is
extremely important and you want to create a
positive one.
*Bring copies
of your resume, but don't show it unless the employer asks to see it.
You want to create the impression you
are prepared, but you don't want to violate
the conditions under which the interview was arranged.
*Do not ask for a job. It is an extreme violation of protocol to ask for a job when you requested information or advice.
*Topics of conversation
should revolve around the profession, the growth of the organization, and any
particular points of
interests you might have concerning the organization.
Bring out your own qualities and abilities as a way of indicating why
you have such a strong interest in that particular
field.
*At the
end of the interview, ask if there are any other people or organizations he/she
would recommend that you contact.
If yes, ask if you can use his/her name.
*Always send a
thank you note. It may earn you more points than you can imagine. Remember
that the purpose is not to get
a job offer immediately but for the employer
to remember you later, especially when a job opportunity may occur.
Many job seekers feel embarrassed
about asking people to assist them. Advice is free and people love to
give it. Everbody you know is a possible source who might lead you to
a job in the "hidden job market."
Making Contact
Before you begin calling people to set up informational interviews, here are
some tips:
*When to call:
The best time to phone an individual is before 11:30 a.m. on Tuesday,
Wednesday, or Thursday.
*Establish an objective:
determine why you are contacting this person. What are some of the
things you want to learn?
*Visit them at their work site: whenever possible you want to meet them at work in order for you to gain exposure to various work environments.
*Prepare a script: develop a conversational script which you can loosely follow. The script can make sure you maximize your phone conversation with that person and get useful results.
*Evaluate your approach:
As you make contacts, rework your script or approach and go with
what seems to work.
Remember, the purpose of a networking
contact is not to ask for a job but to gain information about the following:
- facts about the organization
- feedback on your resume and qualifications
- tips for your job hunt
- other departments or jobs you might wish to contact
- additional names of individuals within or outside the organization that
might
be able to assist you in your job search
- potential job openings
For more information on how to prepare
for a networking information interview and types of questions to ask, see APPENDICES
E, F, AND G
Follow Up With Contacts
"Follow up" is the key to an effective job search. Make sure you follow
up with contacts on a regular basis. It is important to:
1. Follow up each meeting
with a thank-you letter expressing gratitude for the specific help you received.
If the interview
went well and the individual agreed to keep you
in mind regarding future opportunities, remind him/her that you appreciate
the assistance.
2. Keep detailed records
concerning whom you have interviewed, date of the meeting, what transpired
and any additional
contact names.
3. Maintain copies of all correspondence.
4. Maintain contact in
the future. This step is the most neglected. Establish the on-going
nature of your acquaintance during
the interview by mentioning that you would like
to get back to this person to let him/her know the progress of your
exploration. Future contact can be made
by phone or letter.
5. If the person directed
you to call someone else, follow up and let them know what the result was.
Many people have
expressed frustration in never hearing back from
an individual they have helped.
To follow up on every contact in your network takes a great deal of time. Therefore, it is important for you to set some daily and weekly goals in the beginning of your job search to help you manage your time effectively. The more organized you are, the less time it will take you to find the job of your choice.
Furthermore, you must be willing
to take some risks. Be assertive and pro-active in your job search.
If you are re-active or passive, your search will be extremely frustrating.
Examples of risk-taking include:
-Cold calling a stranger to request an interview
-Writing a personal letter to potential employers
-Seeking out the person with power to hire you within a specific organization
-Dealing with the secretary screen.
The more pro-active you are, the
more opportunities you will have to interview for and offers you can choose
from.
*Whenever possible, deal directly with the person who will be doing the hiring for the job you want. If you know the person's name you can address all correspondence to his/her attention and when you follow-up on the phone you will be able to deal directly with the appropriate person. You can then avoid going through channels or around in circles to get to the right person. The logical sequence for making contacts is:
1. Send a cover letter and resume
2. Follow-up on the phone and ask for an interview
3. Continue follow-ups if the first effort is unsuccessful
4. Interview for information or selection
5. Send thank you note for information, help, or an interview.
6. Follow-up
*Be prepared for rejection. Don't take rejection personally. Hirings are often political or are more complex than mere personalities. Don't waste your time and energy worrying over jobs you don't get.
*Be flexible. If you have your sights set on a particular field, pursue it with a passion! But if after a reasonable period of time you can't nail down the job you want, try something else. Make a career detour with the idea of returning to your original goal at a later date.
*Be patient. A good job will be worth the wait. Don't panic. If you are organized and systematic, things will fall in place for you.
*Be persevering. Don't sit at home and wait for the phone to ring. Show you're initiative and interest by periodically making contact. Work at your job-search every day. Don't take the easy way out and miss an opportunity for an employer contact.
*Develop a support network. Involve your family and friends in your job-search. They can help you when you are down and share in the good times as well. Don't isolate yourself. If you know no-one in your new location, join in activities where you will meet people. Look for "job hunters support groups."
*Be enthusiastic. It is contagious.
* Have faith in yourself and your abilities.
Long Distance
Job Hunting
People relocate and undertake long distance job searches for many reasons.
They may have decided that relocation to another area is necessary to further
their career. Some people need to relocate because their significant other
has been transferred or is relocating to another area. They may be moving to
be with friends or have visited an area and liked it so much they have decided
to move there. Regardless of the reason for relocating there are two types
of long distance job searches:
1. The General Search: In this type of search, the person is geographically flexible and is willing to move to a variety of areas for the right job. You will need to utilize national resources rather than localized ones. The job search strategies highlighted in this booklet are appropriate for a general long distance search.
2. The Targeted Search: This approach involves identifying a particular area (i.e. city, state, region, country) and then trying to obtain employment within that area. If you are interested in a particular geographic area the following strategies might be helpful:
* Plan a visit to the "target area" prior to employment: Since an employer's concern for expenses might inhibit them from scheduling interviews with candidates from outside the area (employers oftentimes pay for travel, lodging and meals during the interview process) it is often helpful to visit your target area to facilitate making important personal contacts. Plan your visit at least four to six weeks in advance and when contacting employers, friends, and referrals, let them know when you plan to be in the area (i.e. "I plan to be in the Hartford area from June 3 through June 7 and could be available for an interview during that time.). Try to schedule as many interviews as possible during your stay.
Before you go: Do your homework! Be sure all appointments are scheduled in your appointment book and that you have all pertinent information including: names, addresses, and most importantly, phone numbers. Allow for travel time between appointments. In addition to scheduled interviews, have prepared a list of employers and people you plan to contact upon arrival.
Upon arrival: Make the most of your time spent in your target area. Your schedule for each day should be planned in advance. Stick to your schedule! "Let your fingers do the walking" whenever possible. The telephone is a much more efficient method for making initial contacts and setting up personal meetings.
* Move to the "targeted area" prior to employment: In a broader sense, the purpose of moving to your target area is to eliminate the problems or disadvantages of a long distance job search by making it a "local" job search. This way you can utilize all conventional methods and resources of job-hunting.
Moving is a calculated risk and requires extensive planning. Such a move can become very expensive in terms of moving costs, traveling expenses, housing (mortgage or rent payments; first month, last month and a security deposit), food, household items, utilities, and miscellaneous expenses. There are different approaches to this particular strategy:
Stay with friends and relatives: This is a very low-cost way to stay in your target area while you are job-hunting. For minimal room and board expenses, you are able to devote the majority of your time and energy to your job search. It is also easier to establish a job-search "headquarters" and to to be able to receive and return phone messages.
Temporary low cost apartment or house (If any exist in the area): When first relocating to your target area, you might want to find temporary housing, such as a "sublet" while you undertake your search. Sublets are particularly available in the summer in cities with universities or colleges. Once you find employment, you can then undertake an "apartment or housing search" (a whole new ball game).
If handling your expenses is problematic, here are different ways to handle it:
Temporary or Part-time work: Working as a "Temporary employee" can be a great way to help meet expenses. You have more freedom as a "temp" and can take time out for interviews and job-hunting whenever necessary. It is also a way to gain exposure to a wide variety of work settings and organizations. Many "temps" have been hired by organizations who were impressed by their work performance. Part-time jobs can help pay the bills and allow time for job-hunting (labor jobs are much easier to obtain than professional positions). Try to find jobs with evening hours (canvassing, telephone interviewing, waiting on tables) so that your daytime hours are free to job hunt.
Live off your savings:
Not too many people can afford this approach. It requires long range planning
and saving. It is definitely a short-term approach. It is a calculated
risk with the idea that by moving to the area and meeting expenses with your
savings, you can devote all your energies and time on your job search.
Hopefully, you will obtain the job you want before your savings run out.
Note: before using this approach, do your homework and know exactly what
you are getting into (i.e. cost of living, cost of housing, unemployment rate
in area, etc).
Note: After you
have relocated, give yourself a week or two to become acquainted with your new
city/town. Get to know its resources well. Once employed, you may
not have the time. In addition, knowledge of local resources will make
a more valuable employee.
APPENDIX
A
JOB LEADS RECORD SHEET
General Reading:
List below all of the names of basic publications with a general readership
that you could screen for potential job leads. Include any special interest
magazines that have a general distribution as well as newspapers, books, etc.
Directories and Business Publications:
List below names of specific directories and other business publication which
might include information about organization or companies which are related
to your job target area.
Professional Societies and
Associations, Networks
Other Organizations Related
to Job Target
College Related Contacts:
List names of offices, departments, and individuals who could assist you with
job leads. Include faculty members, college career center, etc.
Personal and Third Party Contacts:
List anyone who might be able to suggest information that would uncover names
of organizations, people, or agencies that could lead you closer to your job
target. Include personal contacts such as family members, alumni, contacts
you have been referred to, etc.
Adapted from Tom Jackson: The
Hidden Job Market
APPENDIX B
JOB SEARCH RECORD SHEET
_______________________________________
_______________
(Name
of Organization)
(Date)
(place want-ad or listing here)
DATE OF ACTION
Cover Letter _______________
Resume ______________
3 Letters of Reference _____________
Other ______________
Other
______________
FOLLOW-UP:
NOTES:
APPENDIX C
JOB SEARCH RECORD-- INDEX CARD
INDEX CARD
Name of Organization
Name of Contact
Title
Street Phone #
City, State, Zip Date of Contact:
Notes:
Follow-up:
Credentials: ___Resume
___Cover letter ___Transcripts ___References
___Writing sample
APPENDIX D
INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEWING
Sample Letter of Approach
5425 Ute Road
Jacksonville, FL 32234
September 12, 1998
Mr. John Goodnight
Director of Sales
MCI Corporation
3003 Phillips Highway
Jacksonville, FL 32224
Dear Mr. Goodnight:
Last week, I spoke with Ms. Barbara Morning, and she recommended that I contact you concerning opportunities in the sales industry in Jacksonville.
By way of introduction, I have enclosed a copy of my resume which highlights my education and experience. Both my degree in English and college leadership activities have prepared me for a career in sales. Thus, I am seeking information from you about the sales industry in Jacksonville.
Furthermore, your comments and suggestions of any people or situations I should pursue would be most welcome. If possible, I would like to arrange a brief meeting with you next week to hear your ideas about the local sales industry. I will contact you on Monday, September 26 to arrange a time that is convenient for you. Thank you for your assistance.
Sincerely,
Charity Case
APPENDIX E
INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEWING
Sample Telephone Script
Charity: Hello, my name is Charity Case. I would like to speak to Mr. Goodnight. He should be expecting my call.
Secretary: May I ask what this is in reference to?
Charity: Yes, I've been in
contact with Mr. Goodnight about the sales industry in Jacksonville and wanted
to follow up with
him.
Secretary: I'll see if he's available.
(If the person you want is not available, ask for a better time to call back. Alternatively, leave your number with the message that "I'm following up on my letter of __(date)_____. I was referred by our mutual friend, Barbara Morning." If the secretary insists on screening you further, you may want to tell him/her that you are calling Mr. Goodnight because you have been referred by a friend of his. No matter how difficult it might be, always remain polite and cheerful! The last person you want to alienate is a front office person.)
John: Hello. John speaking.
Charity: Hello, this is Charity Case. Our mutual acquaintance, Barbara Morning, had suggested I contact you about my interest concerning opportunities in the sales industry in Jacksonville. I sent you a letter last week and I was wondering if you have had a chance to read it? I am hoping we can get together to discuss your ideas. (If he hasn't read it, give him a synopsis of your letter. Make it clear that you are not asking for a job.)
John: Yes, I did. I would be willing to meet with you although I'm very booked up for the next two weeks. (If he can't see you, ask, "Could you suggest a name or two of other people who may be able to help me?")
Charity: I'm happy to fit in with your schedule. I only need 30 minutes of your time. First thing in the morning or late afternoons are best with me, but I'm sure I can arrange my time if neither of those are convenient.
John: I could see you on October 8th, at 8:00 a.m.
Charity: That would be fine. Where should I go?
John: My office is located in the main building of our complex on Phillips Highway. When you come into the main lobby, the receptionist will direct you to my office.
Charity: Thanks so much. I really appreciate your taking the time to see me. I'll look forward to meeting you. Goodbye.
By having an outline prepared for
points you want to make will make telephone contacts much easier. Use
the outline to direct your conversation but do not read your script. Be
prepared for any situation you may encounter.
APPENDIX F
PREPARING FOR THE INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEW
Preparing for the Informational Interview
1. Research the professional's field and organization prior to your meeting to avoid wasting time with the basics. Information can be found in career and public libraries, professional journals and/or by calling the specific organization for informational materials.
2. Develop a list of well-thought-out
questions to be used as a guide during your informational interview. These questions
should be open-ended to give the individual an opportunity to provide you with
as much information as possible.
In the Interview
*Dress as you would for any interview
*Arrive early
*Keep track of the time
*Listen to the language used
*Take notes if you need to (but mention that you will be doing this)
*Make note of the environment and the way people interact
*Thank the person for his/her time
*Ask for additional referrals with permission to use his/her name
*Share enough information about yourself to make your needs known, but do not let the meeting turn into a job interview
*You may ask for feedback on your
background and/or resume in relation to the career/job/field under
discussion
APPENDIX G
QUESTIONS TO ASK IN AN INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEW
To find out about the company:
1. How does your company differ from your competitors--both in line operations and human resource management?
2. What would you say is your company's image and philosophy?
3. What type of management style is typically found in this company?
4. What types of problems is your company facing?
5. Do you feel there are some unique and innovative aspects to this organization?
6. Is your company planning on any future expansion, new direction, or projects?
7. What are the professional
development opportunities available in your company? Does it include orientation
and training
in-house, tuition assistance, attendance at seminars/conferences, etc.?
8. What are the general policies
or expectations (dress code, arrival times -- is there flextime, etc.)
To find out about the department:
1. How does your department relate to the company as a whole?
2. What would you say is the management style used in this department?
3. What are the department's current priorities including programs and goals?
4. Are there current problems and issues your department is facing at this time?
5. What type of budget does this department have and how is it handled?
6. How is this department currently staffed?
7. Do you anticipate any turnover in the next six months?
8. Will the department be needing additional staff due to expansion or new business in the next six months?
9. What do you consider to
be the ideal staffing pattern in this department?
To find out about a particular position:
1. Is this position newly created or has it been held by someone in the past?
2. To whom does this position report to?
3. Is there support staff available for someone in this position?
4. What are the expectations of the department for this position?
5. Who do you see as being an ideal candidate for this position?
6. What is the promotional path of this position?
7. What can you tell me about
the pay range for this position?
To find out how you might fit into this organization and department:
(You would first need to briefly discuss your background and skills.)
1. How do you see me fitting into this organization and department, given the needs and priorities of the organization and/or department? Where do you see my skills and background being utilized in this organization and/or department?
2. Would there be other individuals in this company who would be interested in the skills I have to offer and with decision- making power to hire? Would it be appropriate to contact them now?
3. I would truly appreciate
any feedback on my resume and other suggestions you could make that would assist
me with finding employment in my targeted area. Is there something I can
improve on to help my application?
To find out about the hiring process:
1. What is the process the company uses to attract job applicants? Is it through ads, search firms, word of mouth referrals, other means?
2. What is the process once an applicant is being considered?
3. Are there any alternative ways of getting a job with this company? For example, do you hire interns or individuals to work on short-term projects?
4. What is the length of time for the selection process?
5. What do you feel are the
special qualifications that would give a candidate on edge in the competition?
APPENDIX H
INFORMATIONAL INTERVIEW RECORD
SHEET
General Information
Organization:
Contact Name: Title:
Department:
Address:
Referral from:
Date and Time of Interview:
Directions to Organization:
Results
1. Info on jobs and qualifications,
the organizational setting, how people are hired, related job areas
2. Employers' issues and problems
3. Feedback on qualifications
and resume, general suggestions
4. Referrals or job leads
5. Follow-up Date (contact this individual regularly while job searching)