Using cross-section models and GLS estimations, this paper examines the effects of
globalization on gender inequality (inequality in literacy) and tries to investigate whether the effects are homogenous across developing countries. In particular, we explore whether the effects of globalization on gender inequality in Africa are different from those in developing countries in general. The empirical evidence indicates that while globalization seems to reduce gender inequality in developing countries, it produces the opposite effect in Africa. The findings in this paper suggest that it is extremely important that socio-economic policies that promote the welfare of women (and, in particular, enhance female literacy) accompany trade and finance reforms.